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The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic phrase "inhale", meaning "plant drink". Around the world, people are increasingly drinking coffee. The resulting "coffee culture" fills every moment of life. People are drinking coffee at home, in the office and in various social situations, and it is increasingly associated with fashion, modern life, work and recreation.

Coffee is native to the highlands of southwest Ethiopia in Africa. It is said that coffee was discovered more than a thousand years ago by a shepherd who discovered that his sheep became very excited after eating a plant. It is also said that a wildfire accidentally destroyed a coffee forest, and the smell of barbecue coffee caught the attention of nearby residents.

The natives often ground the fruit of the coffee plant and kneaded it with animal fat to make balls. These indigenous tribes regarded these coffee balls as valuable food for the soldiers who were about to go on the war. It wasn't until around the 11th century that coffee was brewed in water as a drink. In the 13th century, Ethiopian troops invaded Yemen and brought coffee to the Arab world. Because Islam prohibits drinking alcohol, some religious circles once banned and closed down coffee shops because they thought this kind of drink would stimulate the nerves and violate the religion. However, the Sultan of Egypt lifted the ban because he thought coffee was not against the religion, and the coffee drink quickly became popular in the Arab region. The word Coffee, derived from the Arabic "qahwa", which means "plant drink", spread to Turkey and became the source of the word in European languages. The methods of coffee cultivation and production were also improved by the Arabs.

Kenya AA

Kenya AA(8 sheets)

Until the 15th century, the cultivation and production of coffee was dominated by Arabs. At that time, it was mainly used in medicine and religion. Doctors and monks acknowledged that coffee has the effects of refreshing, waking up the brain, strengthening the stomach, strengthening the body and stopping bleeding. The use of coffee has been documented since the early 15th century, and it was incorporated into religious rituals during this period, as well as being a daily drink among the people. Drinking alcohol was forbidden in Islam, so coffee was an important social drink at the time.

In 1683, during the unsuccessful retreat of the Turkish army from the siege of Vienna, [1] a bag of black seeds was found in the barracks of the Turkish army. No one knew what it was. A Pole, who had lived in Turkey, took the bag and opened the first coffee shop in Vienna.

At the end of the 16th century, coffee was introduced into Europe in the name of "Islamic wine" through the trade of Venetian merchants and the Dutch who were the hegemons on the sea. Soon, this kind of black drink full of Oriental mystery and fragrant aroma was competed for by the aristocrats and gentry. The price of coffee also rose with the rising, and even the title of "black gold" came into being. At that time, it was popular for aristocrats to give coffee beans to each other on special days as a sign of revelry, or to relatives and friends they had not seen for a long time. It was also a symbol of status as well as a way to bring money into their pockets and congratulate them on their success. And "black gold" in the following surging age of navigation, through the spread of shipping, the world has been included in the production and consumption of coffee. [2]

It is said that in 1600, Pope Clement VIII was urged to ban coffee by some Catholics who considered it a devil's drink. However, the Pope gave his blessing to the drink after tasting it, and coffee gradually became popular in Europe.

It wasn't until 1690 that a Dutch sea captain sailed to Yemen, picked up some coffee seedlings, and planted them in Indonesia. In 1727, the wife of a diplomat in Dutch Guiana sent some coffee seeds to a Spaniard in Brazil, where he tried them with good results. Brazil's climate is very favorable for coffee, and coffee has spread rapidly throughout South America. Coffee, which had fallen in price due to mass production, began to become an important beverage for Europeans. [3]

China

Since coffee was introduced into Mahi Town, Wenchang, Hainan, China in 1898, coffee has entered a period of rapid development after more than 100 years.

Mantening, Sumatra

Sumatra Mantening (6 sheets)

In late March 2014, coffee harvesting is coming to an end in Yunnan Province, where coffee planting area and output account for more than 99% of China's total. Influenced by the international market, after experiencing a "price winter" for more than two years, the purchase price of coffee beans soared in 2014, from 13 yuan to 25 yuan per kilogram.

Chinese coffee production fell to less than 60,000 tonnes in the 2013-14 season, down from 80,000 tonnes the previous season, in spite of the surge in prices that has spurred confidence. In the absence of major coffee brands and local brands, pressure to cut production has made the Chinese coffee industry more eager to "break out" from raw material sources.

According to the survey statistics, the coffee planting area of Yunnan increased from more than 300,000 mu in 2008 to more than 1.4 million mu in 2014, and the output increased from about 30,000 tons to more than 80,000 tons in 2013, accounting for more than 99% of the coffee planting area and output in China, making Yunnan the largest coffee producing area in China.

Civet coffee

Civet Coffee (6 sheets)

Coffee industry insiders introduce, throughout the past 20 years Yunnan coffee price trend, almost every 10 years a price cycle. In 2010, the price of coffee in Yunnan reached 41 yuan per kilogram, a record high. From 2012 to the beginning of 2014, affected by the decline of international coffee futures price, the price was once as low as 13 yuan per kilogram, and the coffee planting industry went into the "price winter" for two consecutive years.

At the end of January 2014, with the recovery of international coffee futures prices, Yunnan coffee prices also increased rapidly. "This past February, international coffee prices recorded their biggest one-month jump in 20 years, from 114 cents per pound on January 28 to 180 cents per pound on February 28."

There are three reasons for the rapid rise in coffee prices. First, the drought in Brazil, the world's largest coffee producer, since the end of 2013 is expected to affect coffee production. Second, some coffee producing countries in Central and South America are affected by coffee rust disease, which is expected to reduce coffee production. Third, coffee futures long-term downturn, coffee futures speculators intentionally pull up coffee prices, active coffee futures market.

"The 2014 coffee harvest has come to an end, but the coffee production in the province is less than 60,000 tons. Pu 'er coffee production has also decreased by at least 30 percent from 2013." Despite the surge in purchase prices, the collapse in coffee production has cast a pall over China's coffee growing industry.

Blue Mountain Coffee

Blue Mountain Coffee (3 sheets)

Since 2014, Nestle, Starbucks and Kamil have increased their efforts to develop raw material production areas in Yunnan, and Yunnan small-grained coffee has also been sold to more than 20 countries and regions such as Europe, the United States, Japan and South Korea. However, the coffee industry in Yunnan is still in the initial stage in general, and the industrial "breakthrough" is not optimistic.

At present, there is a lack of large integrated enterprises in China's coffee deep processing industry, and there are only a few local coffee brands, which have a small market share at home and abroad and little market evaluation.

An online survey found that 47 percent of Internet users prefer instant coffee, while 72 percent value the taste most. Chinese people have been drinking coffee since the 1990s, and now many urbanites have become dependent on coffee. Although the annual consumption of coffee is only 200,000 tons, the per capita consumption is increasing by 30 percent, making the country the most promising coffee consumer in the world.

Zhong Lirong, vice president of the China Coffee and Coffee Beverage Committee, said in an interview, "Relatively speaking, the percentage of pure coffee drinkers in China is not high. They often choose to add a coffee companion or drink a coffee beverage."